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Introduction DNA haplogroups are often presented as if they reveal final truth about human origins or ancestry. In reality, haplogroups are scientific models built on statistical inference, not on direct observation. They represent scientists’ best efforts to organize patterns of genetic mutation and estimate how human lineages may have diverged over time. These models help researchers study human migration and relatedness, but they do not record history or identify ancient

Introduction Among many awakening Hebrew Israelite communities, a growing claim insists that haplogroup E1b1a (also known as E-M2) is...

From the moment the Israelites emerged as a distinct nation, their genetic ancestry was permanently established, defining them as a...

Introduction In recent years, the use of genetic testing and haplogroup analysis has surged in popularity, offering individuals the...

Autosomal DNA testing has emerged as an essential tool for exploring ancestry, offering a comprehensive view by analyzing 22 pairs of...

In 2005, the groundbreaking study "Genetic Structure in Four West African Population Groups" by Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Guanjie Chen,...

Introduction The intersection of genetic research and historical narratives offers a fascinating window into our collective past. Thomas...